孔隙水压对充填体性能的影响

为探究大水矿山充填体的力学性能变化,将充填体试块置入高压水体中使其内部形成孔隙水压,研究孔隙水压下充填体的抗压强度、抗拉强度和含水量等指标的变化。试验以孔隙水压、浸入时间、充填配比和料浆浓度为主要影响因素,开展29组充填体强度试验。方差分析表明,料浆浓度和充填配比对充填体抗压强度影响极显著,孔隙水压影响显著;浸入时间对充填抗拉强度影响显著。相同充填配比和料浆浓度下的充填体抗压和抗拉强度随孔隙水压和浸入时间增长而下降,其中抗拉强度下降幅度较大。充填体含水量随孔隙水压增大而增大,增长趋势和充填体强度增大趋势相吻合。     

Super-tough poly(butylene terephthalate) based blends by modification with core-shell structured polyacrylic nanoparticles

Core-shell structured polyacrylic nanoparticles (named CSPN) impact modifiers consisting of a rubbery poly(n-butyl acrylate) core and a rigid poly(methyl methacrylate) shell with a size of about 352 nm were synthesized by seed emulsion polymerization. The CSPN modifier with core-shell weight ratio 80/20 was used to toughen poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) by melt blending. With an increase in CSPN content, the impact strength and the elongation at break of PBT/CSPN blends increased significantly compared with those of PBT; however, the tensile strength decreased. It was found that the polymerization had a very high instantaneous conversion (> 93%) and overall conversion (99%). The core-shell structure of CSPN was examined by means of transmission electron microscope. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the morphology of CSPN particle and fractured surfaces of the blends. The dynamic mechanical analyses of PBT/CSPN blends showed two merged transition peaks of PBT matrix, with the presence of CSPN modifier, which was responsible for the improvement of PBT toughness. The results indicated that the notched impact strength of PBT/CSPN blend with a weight ratio of 80/20 was 8.61 times greater than that of pure PBT where the brittle-ductile transition point appeared.     

Effect of α phase morphology on fatigue crack growth behavior of Ti−5Al−5Mo−5V−1Cr−1Fe alloy

Taking a Ti−5Al−5Mo−5V−1Cr−1Fe alloy as exemplary case, the fatigue crack growth sensitivity and fracture features with various tailored α phase morphologies were thoroughly investigated using fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) test, optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tailored microstructures by heat treatments include the fine and coarse secondary α phase, as well as the widmanstatten and basket weave features. The sample with coarse secondary α phase exhibits better comprehensive properties of good crack propagation resistance (with long Paris regime ranging from 15 to 60 MPa·m^1/2), high yield strength (1113 MPa) and ultimate strength (1150 MPa), and good elongation (11.6%). The good crack propagation resistance can be attributed to crack deflection, long secondary crack, and tortuous crack path induced by coarse secondary α phase.     

Ultra-high temperature oxidation resistance of a novel (Mo,Hf, W,Ti)Si2 ceramic coating with Nb interlayer on Ta substrate

In order to solve the challenge of recyclability of tantalum substrates in high temperature oxidation environments, a novel MoSi₂-WSi₂-HfSi₂-TiSi₂ composite ceramic coating containing an Nb interlayer was prepared on the surface of tantalum substrate by a three-step method. The mix ceramic silicide coating exhibited superior performance and effective protection for 10.2 h at 1800 °C, possibly due to the formation of an outer SiO₂-HfO₂-HfSiO₄ composite oxide film with low oxygen permeability, moderate viscosity and thermal expansion coefficient, as well as good self-healing ability. Furthermore, the coating successfully passed 537 thermal cycles from room temperature to 1800 °C. The presence of Nb interlayer significantly mitigated the thermal mismatch between the ceramic coating and the tantalum substrate, and the bidirectional diffusion of Nb element during the high temperature oxidation and thermal shock process further reduced the tendency of the coating to crack.     

Hydrogen reduction behavior and microstructural characteristics of WO3 and WO3-NiO powders

The characterization and understanding of the hydrogen reduction and sintering behavior of powder mixtures prepared from WO₃ and WO₃-NiO have been investigated. The nano-sized W and W-Ni powders were prepared by ball milling and hydrogen reduction of oxide powders. The reduction behavior is analyzed by temperature-programmed reduction method with different heating rates in Ar-10% H₂ atmosphere. X-ray diffractometry analysis revealed that the oxide powders are changed to W and W-Ni powders with an average particle size of about 100 nm by hydrogen reduction at 800 °C for 1 h. The hydrogen reduction kinetics was evaluated by the amount of peak shift with heating rates. The activation energies for the reduction of pure WO₃ and WO₃-NiO, estimated by the slope of the Kissinger plot, were measured as 87.4–117.4 kJ/mol depending on reduction steps. The consolidated W-Ni by spark plasma sintering has relatively dense and large grains with neck growth by enhanced mass transport due to the addition of Ni. These results are help to optimize the powder synthesis process and to understand the hydrogen reduction behavior and Ni addition effect related to microstructure of powders and sintered bodies.     

Extraction of valuable metals from low nickel matte by calcified roasting−acid leaching process

A calcified roasting−acid leaching process was developed as a highly effective method for the extraction of valuable metals from low nickel matte in the presence of CaO additive. The influences of process parameters on the metal extraction were studied, including the roasting temperature, roasting time, addition of CaO, H₂SO₄ concentration and liquid−solid ratio. Under the optimum condition, 94.2% of Ni, 98.1% of Cu, 92.2% of Co and 89.3% of Fe were recovered. Additionally, 99.6% of Fe was removed from the leachate as goethite by a subsequent goethite iron precipitation process. The behavior and mechanism of CaO additive in the roasting process was clarified. The role of CaO is to prevent the formation of nonferrous metal ferrite phases by a preferential reaction with Fe₂O₃ during the roasting process. The metal oxides (CuO and Ni_xCu_1−xO) remained stable during high-temperature roasting and were subsequently efficiently leached using a sulfuric acid solution.     

Selective removal of As from arsenic-bearing dust rich in Pb and Sb

The selective removal of arsenic from arsenic-bearing dust containing Pb and Sb in alkaline solution was studied. The influence of NaOH concentration, temperature, leaching time, liquid to solid ratio, and the presence of elemental sulfur on the dissolution of As, Sb and Pb in NaOH solution was investigated. The results indicate that the presence of elemental sulfur can effectively prevent leaching of lead and antimony from arsenic. The Sb₂O₃, As₂O₃ and Pb₅(AsO₄)₃OH in the raw material convert to NaSb(OH)₆ and PbS in the leaching residue, while arsenic is leached out as As(III) or As(V) ions in the leaching solution. Arsenic leaching efficiency of 99.84% can be achieved under the optimized conditions, while 97.82% of Sb and 99.97% of Pb remain in the leach residue with the arsenic concentration of less than 0.1%. A novel route is presented for the selective removal of arsenic and potential recycle of lead and antimony from the arsenic-bearing dust leached by NaOH solutions with the addition of elemental sulfur.     

Enhancing the performance of non-fullerene solar cells with polymer acceptors containing large-sized aromatic units

In this work, we develop four diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymer acceptors for application in polymer-polymer solar cells. The polymer acceptors contain different-sized aromatic units, from small thiophene to benzodithiophene and large alkylthio-benzodithiophene units. Although the polymer acceptor with large-sized groups shows small LUMO offset and low energy loss when blended with the donor polymer PTB7-Th, the corresponding solar cells can achieve a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.1% due to high photocurrent. In contrast, the polymer acceptor with small thiophene units only provides a low PCE of 0.14% in solar cells. These results indicate that polymer acceptors with large-sized aromatic units can be potentially used into high performance non-fullerene solar cells.     

Sintering behavior of W–30Cu composite powder prepared by electroless plating

Powder metallurgy technique was employed to prepare W–30 wt.% Cu composite through a chemical procedure. This includes powder pre-treatment followed by deposition of electroless Cu plating on the surface of the pre-treated W powder. The composite powder and W–30Cu composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Cold compaction was carried out under pressures ranging from 200 MPa to 600 MPa while sintering at 850 °C, 1000 °C and 1200 °C. The relative density, hardness, compressive strength, and electrical conductivity of the sintered samples were investigated. The results show that the relative sintered density of the titled composites increased with the sintering temperature. However, in solid sintering, the relative density increased with pressure. At 1200 °C and 400 MPa, the liquid-sintered specimen exhibited optimum performance, with the relative density reaching as high as 95.04% and superior electrical conductivity of IACS 53.24%, which doubles the national average of 26.77%. The FE-SEM microstructure evaluation of the sintered compacts showed homogenous dispersion of Cu and W and a Cu network all over the structure.